In Victoria, defamation on social media occurs when a publication:

• Identifies the plaintiff: The content refers to the individual, either directly or indirectly.
• Is defamatory: The material damages the individual's reputation.
• Is published to a third party: The content is shared with at least one person other than the plaintiff.

Social media platforms can rapidly disseminate defamatory content, potentially increasing reputational harm.

Yes, administrators of social media pages can be held liable for defamatory comments posted by third parties. The High Court of Australia confirmed that page owners are considered 'publishers' of third-party comments and can be held responsible for defamatory content if they have control over the comments and fail to remove them promptly.

Defences against social media defamation claims in Victoria include:

• Justification (Truth): Proving the defamatory statement is substantially true.
• Honest Opinion: Demonstrating the statement is an expression of opinion on a matter of public interest, rather than a statement of fact.
• Qualified Privilege: Showing the publication was made in good faith on an occasion where the publisher had a legal, moral, or social duty to make it, and the recipient had a corresponding interest in receiving it.
• Triviality: Arguing that the plaintiff is unlikely to suffer any harm due to the trivial nature of the publication.

Each defence has specific criteria and applicability depending on the circumstances.

Under Victorian law, for a defamation claim to proceed, the plaintiff must prove that the publication has caused, or is likely to cause, serious harm to their reputation. This threshold aims to filter out trivial claims and ensure that only substantial cases are litigated.

Recent amendments to Victoria's defamation laws include:

• Introduction of a 'serious harm' threshold: Plaintiffs must demonstrate that the defamatory publication caused or is likely to cause serious harm to their reputation.
• Single publication rule: The limitation period for defamation claims starts from the date of the first publication, even if the content remains accessible online.
• Public interest defence: Publishers can defend defamatory statements by proving they were matters of public interest and published responsibly.

These changes aim to balance protecting individuals' reputations with freedom of expression, particularly in the digital age.

If you believe you've been defamed on social media, consider the following steps:

1. Preserve Evidence: Take screenshots and document the defamatory content.
2. Report the Content: Use the platform's reporting mechanisms to flag the content for removal.
3. Seek Legal Advice: Consult with a lawyer experienced in defamation law to assess your case.
4. Issue a Concerns Notice: Before initiating legal action, serve a concerns notice to the publisher, outlining the defamatory material and the harm caused, and requesting a remedy.

Acting promptly is crucial due to limitation periods for defamation claims.

Engaging with defamatory content on social media, such as sharing or liking a post, can potentially expose you to liability. By interacting with the content, you may be considered a 'publisher' of the defamatory material, especially if your actions contribute to its dissemination.

Consequences of defaming someone on social media can include:

• Legal Action: The defamed party may initiate a lawsuit seeking damages.
• Damages Awards: Courts may order substantial monetary compensation for harm caused to the individual's reputation.
• Injunctions: Orders to remove the defamatory content and prevent further publication.
• Legal Costs: Responsibility for both your own and the plaintiff's legal expenses.

Beyond legal repercussions, defamation can also damage your personal reputation and relationships.

To minimize the risk of defamation claims on social media:

• Think Before Posting: Ensure your content is accurate and not harmful to others' reputations.
• Moderate Comments: Regularly monitor and manage comments on your posts to prevent defamatory material.
• Understand Defamation Laws: Familiarize yourself with legal obligations and potential liabilities.
• Implement Clear Policies: If managing a public page, establish guidelines for acceptable content and enforce them consistently.

Being proactive and cautious can help avoid legal issues related to defamation.

Social media platforms can be involved in defamation cases in several ways:

• As Publishers: Platforms may be considered publishers of defamatory content posted by users, potentially bearing liability if they have control over the content and fail to remove it promptly.
• Facilitating Dissemination: Their infrastructure enables rapid spread of defamatory material, increasing potential harm to reputations.
• Content Moderation: Platforms implement policies and tools to monitor and remove defamatory content, aiming to balance free speech with legal obligations.

Recent legal developments in Australia are clarifying the extent of platforms' responsibilities and liabilities in defamation cases.